Electrical and Thermal Conductivity of Diamond

There are two types of conductivity. Thermal conductivity is a measure of how well a material conducts heat. Electrical conductivity expresses how well a substance conducts electricity.  A diamond has characteristic thermal and electrical conductivity that can be used to help distinguish it from other materials and identify impurities in a genuine diamond. Unique Mineral Qualities Most diamonds are extremely efficient thermal conductors, but electrical insulators. Diamond conducts heat well as a result of the strong covalent bonds between carbon atoms in a diamond crystal. The thermal conductivity of natural diamond is around 22 W/(cm ·K), which makes the diamond five times better at conducting heat than copper. The high thermal conductivity may be used to distinguish diamond from cubic zirconia and glass. Moissanite, a crystalline form of silicon carbide that resembles diamond, has a comparable thermal conductivity. Modern thermal probes can differentiate between diamond and moissanite, as moissanite has gained popularity. The electrical resistivity of most diamonds is on the order of 1011 to 1018 ÃŽ ©Ã‚ ·m. The exception is natural blue diamond, which gets its color from boron impurities that also make it a semiconductor. Synthetic diamonds doped with boron also are p-type semiconductors. Boron-doped diamond may become a superconductor when cooled below 4 K. However, certain natural blue-grey diamonds that contain hydrogen are not semiconductors. Phosphorus-doped diamonds films, produced by chemical vapor deposition, are n-type semiconductors. Alternating boron-doped and phosphorus-doped layers produce p-n junctions and may be used to produce ultraviolet emitting light emitting diodes (LEDs).

Love Is a Natural Drug - 1415 Words

Love Is a Natural Drug John-Mark I. Chambers The University of the West Indies Mona Campus Abstract Love addiction and substance dependence have similar characteristics, namely, the release of the neurotransmitter dopamine, the presence of tolerance and withdrawal symptoms, and the negative influences they have on a person’s life. Love addiction is similar to addictive drugs such as alcohol, cocaine, marijuana and heroin because of the effects that dopamine have on the addict’s mind and body. These effects then lead to a person’s experience of tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. Tolerance and withdrawal symptoms are very important in the maintenance of an addiction as they cause the person to crave and need more of the addictive†¦show more content†¦These actions are also seen in love addiction as a person experiencing tolerance would try to increase the amount of time spent with their loved one and reduce the intervals between meetings with that person. For example one of my friends could not go two days without seeing his girlfriend last summer, and w hen they saw each other, it was for the whole day. He was clearly experiencing tolerance. These behaviours are needed to produce even higher levels dopamine so that the desired response is achieved. Another characteristic experienced in both love addiction and substance dependence is withdrawal symptoms. Withdrawal symptoms are any physical or psychological disturbance experienced by a drug addict when deprived of a drug. Some drugs such as alcohol produce more physical withdrawal, while others such as marijuana produce more psychological withdrawal. Some withdrawal symptoms include anxiety, restlessness, depression, racing heart, palpitations, sweating and poor concentration. Reynaud et al. (2010) state that the absence of the loved person has similar symptoms to those of substance withdrawal; these include negative mood (irritability, anxiety, depression, anger), suffering and sensations of emptiness. â€Å"Withdrawal compels addicts to resume drug use to prevent or reduce phys ical symptoms and dysphoria† (Cami amp; Farrà ©, 2003, p. 982). Therefore both tolerance and withdrawal symptoms are important for the maintenance of the addiction. LoveShow MoreRelatedEssay on Ethics and Aristotle837 Words   |  4 PagesEthics and Aristotle A married couple, both addicted to drugs, is unable to care for their infant daughter. She is taken from them by court order and placed in a foster home. The years passed. She comes to regard her foster parents as her real parents. They love her as they would their own daughter. When the child is 9 years old, the natural parents, rehabilitated from drugs, begin court action to regain custody. The case is decided in their favor. 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Terra Cog Papa free essay sample

TERRACOG GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS: CONFLICT AND COMMUNICATION ON PROJECT AERIAL HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL CASE STUDY 2184. Discussion Questions 1. How have departmental and individual objectives led to the current situation? 2. What is the current decision-making process? 3. What are the strategic and organizational implications for each of the company’s options? 4. What should Emma Richardson do? This paper provides a case analysis and case solution to an organizational communications case BY Michael Beer and Sunru Yong concerning problems in organizational communication and group conflict management at TerraCog, a high-tech company that develops GPS products for the consumer market. The case focuses on contentious meetings over the recent failure to meet a competitive challenge. The paper includes problem identification, discussion of main issues, problem analysis, identification and assessment of alternative solutions, recommendations, and implementation plan. KEYWORDS: terracog case study case solution organizational behavior communication meetings group dynamics decision making human resources management personnel management conflict groups. We will write a custom essay sample on Terra Cog Papa or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page APA Style. TerraCog, a successful privately held high-tech firm that develops GPS (global positioning system) and similar products for consumer markets, has recently been caught off-guard by a competitors new product that makes novel use of satellite imagery. When TerraCog pursues development of a directly competing product, dubbed Aerial, the projected costs threaten to scuttle the project. The key unit managers gather in a pair of contentious meetings that feature anger, blame, and bewilderment, but produce no effective conclusion. At the end of the case it falls to Emma Richardson, a newly-promoted executive vice-president, to push the group toward a go/no-go decision. Enclosed report deals with the launching price problem being faced by TerraCog for its forthcoming GPS product Aerial, different options that are available to the company, selection criteria for evaluation and proposed solution along with action plan and contingency plan. Executive Summary There is significant disagreement over the proposed pricing of Aerial between the different departments. Presently TerraCog has 3 options. It could offer the product at a price which is substantially higher than its competitors, try to offer the product at a price which is slightly higher than its competitors or defer the launching. Each of the 3 options is assessed separately against the 3 criteria that have been used for evaluation. Conclusively, it is recommended that the launching should be deferred by 3 months. A contingency plan is also discussed which suggests that the product should not be launched to the market at all. Case Highlights †¢Traditional leader of handheld GPS market †¢Innovative competition †¢Executive team in turmoil Problem Statement TerraCog has an executive team in flux, lacking true leadership, effective communication, and cohesive vision. Alternative I: Creation of two cross-departmental teams to research and recommend cost savings or value added options. Advantages Create framework for company wide inter-disciplinary approach to challenges / projects †¢Provide combinations of subject matter experts in each department optimize outcomes †¢Ensures each department has ownership of recommendations enhancing buy-in and acceptance of ultimate implementation †¢Enhances Friendly competition motivates teams to explore all avenues Disadvantages †¢Likely will delay launch of Aerial by several weeks †¢Department Leaders, Executives and Board may not embrace options presented †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Losing† team could suffer morale drop †¢Resource use could negatively affect other projects Alternative II: Emma Richardson works one on one with Team Leaders to address underlying agendas Advantages †¢Coordination between teams can fix problems betterTackling hurdles will enhance collaboration †¢Understanding of Team Leaders’ positions provides basis for consensus †¢Alignment of purpose facilitates decision making †¢Timeframe for meetings can be short No additional drain on resources Disadvantages †¢Emma may not have enough management skills to effectively conduct meetings †¢Issues raised could be intractable †¢Too late in the development process for any changes to be made Alternative III: Enlist assistance of Harold Whistler to moderate project Advantages †¢Having Co-Founder involved can provide weight to the decision process †¢Leverages his experience from other projects †¢Semi-retirement and position in firm implies less political jockeying Disadvantages †¢Leaders’ perception of Whistler’s semi-retirement might be he is â€Å"put out to pasture† and therefore not respectful †¢Requires Emma to admit her role as project leader is not effective †¢Whistler may not wish to dedicate significant time to address all of the problems Alternative IV: Redesign product and work out unresolved technical problems Advantages †¢Fresh start allows for more planning and better understanding of project vision †¢Adverts possible retail and financial embarrassment if Aerial launch is a flop †¢Provides time to incorporate more value added features and functionality Disadvantages †¢Delay in launch requires missing key holiday sales season †¢Recommendation to Board for delay is not career enhancing move †¢Other projects in pipeline would be delayed Significant amount of resources lost Final Decision Problem: According to my point of view the root cause of all the conflicts within Terracog is the lack of leadership, effective communication and vision and inter-groups conflicts. Lack of leadership is evident from the role the president, Richard Fiero. He was persuaded into making the decision by the sales Vice President Ed Pryor. Richard Fiero went ahead and took the decision based on only one source of information – Sales. He did not consult the other important players – Production and Design and Development. This shows his sheer lack of leadership skills. Before announcing the decision he should have consulted these important groups and come out with a consensus. Richard thinks he can force the price he wants from Tony Barren. This is not what a leader should do. Further he clearly does not take help from Harold Whisler. As evident from Exhibit 2 Harold is a co-founder of Terracog and comes with thirty-one years of experience. Harold also has a sound engineering background and in the past has contributed significantly to Terracog’s key sonar equipment products in 1980s. The president clearly chooses to ignore Harold’s opinions. The last meeting shows that Harold is not given a chance to speak. He speaks only twice and is cut off both times by the more aggressive CFO Becky Timmons. As a leader Richard should have been present in the meeting and listened to Harold’s important points. Further the entire project has been delegated to Emma Richardson. Emma has only two months of experience in this role and is unable to steer the discussions in a productive direction. She also has not been performing as prescribed. Alternative I Terracog should create two cross-departmental teams to research and recommend cost savings or value added options. The advantage of this approach will create a framework for company wide inter-disciplinary approach to challenges and projects. Each department should also have a subject matter expert to optimize outcomes. Cross Join Now For Free

Julius Caesar Essays (861 words) - Julius Caesar, Iulii, Cleopatra

Julius Caesar The era of Julius Caesar was a time when many people's feelings toward the government began to change. This was one of the first times in Roman history when people began to question the power of their ruler. In the play, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare, we see a brief picture of this Roman life during the time of the First Triumvirate. In this snap shot, many unfortunate things occur as a result of these strong feelings towards the government of that time. Shakespeare gives us the idea that many people try to circumvent what the future holds, such as unfortunate things, by being superstitious. Superstition seems to play a role in the basic daily life of most Roman citizens, and exists as an important, deciding factor in the events and outcome of the play itself. The setting of the first scene of the play is based upon superstition. The Feast of Lupercal is in honor of the god Pan, the queen of fertility. During this time, infertile females are supposed to be able to procreate, and fertile ones are supposed to be able to bear more. It is also a supposed time of sexual glorification and happiness. Other scenes depict how mysterious sooth-sayers, who are supposedly given the power to predict the future, roam the streets of Rome. Dictating what is to come through terse tidbits, these people may also be looked upon as superstitious. In the opening scene, one sooth-sayer, old in his years, warns Caesar to "Beware the Ides of March," an admonition of Caesar's impending death. Although sooth-sayers are looked upon by many as insane, out of touch lower classmen, a good deal of them, obviously including the sayer Caesar encountered, are indeed right on the mark. Since they lack any formal office or shop, and they predict forthcomings without fee, one can see quite easily why citizens would distrust their predictions. Superstition, in general elements such as the Feast of Lupercal, as well as on a personal level such as with the sooth-sayers, is an important factor in determining the events and the outcome of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, and a significant force throughout the entire course of the play. Before the play fully unravels, we see other signs of Caesar's tragic end. Aside from the sooth-sayer's warning, we see another sign during Caesar's visit with the Augerers, the latter day "psychics". They find "No heart in the beast", which they interpret as advice to Caesar that he should remain at home. Caesar brushes it off and thinks of it as a rebuke from the gods, meaning that he is a coward if he does not go out, and so he dismisses the wise advice as hearsay. However, the next morning, his wife Calpurnia wakes up frightened due to a horrible nightmare. She tells Caesar of a battle breaking out in the heart of Rome, "Which drizzled blood upon the Capitol," with Caesar painfully dying, such that "...The heavens themselves blaze forth the death of princes." Although Caesar realizes Calpurnia is truly concerned about his well being, he seeks another interpretation, coming to the conclusion that the person who imagines the dream may not be the wisest one to interpret it's meaning. Later Caesar tells his faithful companion Decius about it, and he interprets it quite the contrary, "That it was a vision fair and fortunate," and indeed, today is an ideal day to go out, since this is the day "To give a crown to mighty Caesar." Perhaps Decius is implying here that today is a day where much appreciation and appraisal will be given to Caesar, surely not the endangerment of his well being as Calpurnia interprets it. Caesar predictably agrees with him, as most citizens enjoy believing the more positive of two interpretations. After Caesar's assassination at the hand of Brutus, Cassius, and the rest of the conspirators, Brutus and Cassius are chased into the countryside, where we see a few superstitious signs of their forthcoming painful death in battle. In a dream, Brutus sees Caesar's "ghost", interpreted as an omen of his defeat. He also looks upon the ensign, and instead of the usual stock of eagles, ravens and kites replace them, construed as another sign of their loss at Phillipi. Not surprisingly, Caesar's death is avenged in the end, with two of the conspirators, Titanius and Brutus' double suicide. The play, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, by William Shakespeare, clearly reveals how important superstition was to the people of Rome at the time of