Electrical and Thermal Conductivity of Diamond

There are two types of conductivity. Thermal conductivity is a measure of how well a material conducts heat. Electrical conductivity expresses how well a substance conducts electricity.  A diamond has characteristic thermal and electrical conductivity that can be used to help distinguish it from other materials and identify impurities in a genuine diamond. Unique Mineral Qualities Most diamonds are extremely efficient thermal conductors, but electrical insulators. Diamond conducts heat well as a result of the strong covalent bonds between carbon atoms in a diamond crystal. The thermal conductivity of natural diamond is around 22 W/(cm ·K), which makes the diamond five times better at conducting heat than copper. The high thermal conductivity may be used to distinguish diamond from cubic zirconia and glass. Moissanite, a crystalline form of silicon carbide that resembles diamond, has a comparable thermal conductivity. Modern thermal probes can differentiate between diamond and moissanite, as moissanite has gained popularity. The electrical resistivity of most diamonds is on the order of 1011 to 1018 ÃŽ ©Ã‚ ·m. The exception is natural blue diamond, which gets its color from boron impurities that also make it a semiconductor. Synthetic diamonds doped with boron also are p-type semiconductors. Boron-doped diamond may become a superconductor when cooled below 4 K. However, certain natural blue-grey diamonds that contain hydrogen are not semiconductors. Phosphorus-doped diamonds films, produced by chemical vapor deposition, are n-type semiconductors. Alternating boron-doped and phosphorus-doped layers produce p-n junctions and may be used to produce ultraviolet emitting light emitting diodes (LEDs).

Love Is a Natural Drug - 1415 Words

Love Is a Natural Drug John-Mark I. Chambers The University of the West Indies Mona Campus Abstract Love addiction and substance dependence have similar characteristics, namely, the release of the neurotransmitter dopamine, the presence of tolerance and withdrawal symptoms, and the negative influences they have on a person’s life. Love addiction is similar to addictive drugs such as alcohol, cocaine, marijuana and heroin because of the effects that dopamine have on the addict’s mind and body. These effects then lead to a person’s experience of tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. Tolerance and withdrawal symptoms are very important in the maintenance of an addiction as they cause the person to crave and need more of the addictive†¦show more content†¦These actions are also seen in love addiction as a person experiencing tolerance would try to increase the amount of time spent with their loved one and reduce the intervals between meetings with that person. For example one of my friends could not go two days without seeing his girlfriend last summer, and w hen they saw each other, it was for the whole day. He was clearly experiencing tolerance. These behaviours are needed to produce even higher levels dopamine so that the desired response is achieved. Another characteristic experienced in both love addiction and substance dependence is withdrawal symptoms. Withdrawal symptoms are any physical or psychological disturbance experienced by a drug addict when deprived of a drug. Some drugs such as alcohol produce more physical withdrawal, while others such as marijuana produce more psychological withdrawal. Some withdrawal symptoms include anxiety, restlessness, depression, racing heart, palpitations, sweating and poor concentration. Reynaud et al. (2010) state that the absence of the loved person has similar symptoms to those of substance withdrawal; these include negative mood (irritability, anxiety, depression, anger), suffering and sensations of emptiness. â€Å"Withdrawal compels addicts to resume drug use to prevent or reduce phys ical symptoms and dysphoria† (Cami amp; Farrà ©, 2003, p. 982). Therefore both tolerance and withdrawal symptoms are important for the maintenance of the addiction. LoveShow MoreRelatedEssay on Ethics and Aristotle837 Words   |  4 PagesEthics and Aristotle A married couple, both addicted to drugs, is unable to care for their infant daughter. She is taken from them by court order and placed in a foster home. The years passed. She comes to regard her foster parents as her real parents. They love her as they would their own daughter. When the child is 9 years old, the natural parents, rehabilitated from drugs, begin court action to regain custody. The case is decided in their favor. 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Terra Cog Papa free essay sample

TERRACOG GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS: CONFLICT AND COMMUNICATION ON PROJECT AERIAL HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL CASE STUDY 2184. Discussion Questions 1. How have departmental and individual objectives led to the current situation? 2. What is the current decision-making process? 3. What are the strategic and organizational implications for each of the company’s options? 4. What should Emma Richardson do? This paper provides a case analysis and case solution to an organizational communications case BY Michael Beer and Sunru Yong concerning problems in organizational communication and group conflict management at TerraCog, a high-tech company that develops GPS products for the consumer market. The case focuses on contentious meetings over the recent failure to meet a competitive challenge. The paper includes problem identification, discussion of main issues, problem analysis, identification and assessment of alternative solutions, recommendations, and implementation plan. KEYWORDS: terracog case study case solution organizational behavior communication meetings group dynamics decision making human resources management personnel management conflict groups. We will write a custom essay sample on Terra Cog Papa or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page APA Style. TerraCog, a successful privately held high-tech firm that develops GPS (global positioning system) and similar products for consumer markets, has recently been caught off-guard by a competitors new product that makes novel use of satellite imagery. When TerraCog pursues development of a directly competing product, dubbed Aerial, the projected costs threaten to scuttle the project. The key unit managers gather in a pair of contentious meetings that feature anger, blame, and bewilderment, but produce no effective conclusion. At the end of the case it falls to Emma Richardson, a newly-promoted executive vice-president, to push the group toward a go/no-go decision. Enclosed report deals with the launching price problem being faced by TerraCog for its forthcoming GPS product Aerial, different options that are available to the company, selection criteria for evaluation and proposed solution along with action plan and contingency plan. Executive Summary There is significant disagreement over the proposed pricing of Aerial between the different departments. Presently TerraCog has 3 options. It could offer the product at a price which is substantially higher than its competitors, try to offer the product at a price which is slightly higher than its competitors or defer the launching. Each of the 3 options is assessed separately against the 3 criteria that have been used for evaluation. Conclusively, it is recommended that the launching should be deferred by 3 months. A contingency plan is also discussed which suggests that the product should not be launched to the market at all. Case Highlights †¢Traditional leader of handheld GPS market †¢Innovative competition †¢Executive team in turmoil Problem Statement TerraCog has an executive team in flux, lacking true leadership, effective communication, and cohesive vision. Alternative I: Creation of two cross-departmental teams to research and recommend cost savings or value added options. Advantages Create framework for company wide inter-disciplinary approach to challenges / projects †¢Provide combinations of subject matter experts in each department optimize outcomes †¢Ensures each department has ownership of recommendations enhancing buy-in and acceptance of ultimate implementation †¢Enhances Friendly competition motivates teams to explore all avenues Disadvantages †¢Likely will delay launch of Aerial by several weeks †¢Department Leaders, Executives and Board may not embrace options presented †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Losing† team could suffer morale drop †¢Resource use could negatively affect other projects Alternative II: Emma Richardson works one on one with Team Leaders to address underlying agendas Advantages †¢Coordination between teams can fix problems betterTackling hurdles will enhance collaboration †¢Understanding of Team Leaders’ positions provides basis for consensus †¢Alignment of purpose facilitates decision making †¢Timeframe for meetings can be short No additional drain on resources Disadvantages †¢Emma may not have enough management skills to effectively conduct meetings †¢Issues raised could be intractable †¢Too late in the development process for any changes to be made Alternative III: Enlist assistance of Harold Whistler to moderate project Advantages †¢Having Co-Founder involved can provide weight to the decision process †¢Leverages his experience from other projects †¢Semi-retirement and position in firm implies less political jockeying Disadvantages †¢Leaders’ perception of Whistler’s semi-retirement might be he is â€Å"put out to pasture† and therefore not respectful †¢Requires Emma to admit her role as project leader is not effective †¢Whistler may not wish to dedicate significant time to address all of the problems Alternative IV: Redesign product and work out unresolved technical problems Advantages †¢Fresh start allows for more planning and better understanding of project vision †¢Adverts possible retail and financial embarrassment if Aerial launch is a flop †¢Provides time to incorporate more value added features and functionality Disadvantages †¢Delay in launch requires missing key holiday sales season †¢Recommendation to Board for delay is not career enhancing move †¢Other projects in pipeline would be delayed Significant amount of resources lost Final Decision Problem: According to my point of view the root cause of all the conflicts within Terracog is the lack of leadership, effective communication and vision and inter-groups conflicts. Lack of leadership is evident from the role the president, Richard Fiero. He was persuaded into making the decision by the sales Vice President Ed Pryor. Richard Fiero went ahead and took the decision based on only one source of information – Sales. He did not consult the other important players – Production and Design and Development. This shows his sheer lack of leadership skills. Before announcing the decision he should have consulted these important groups and come out with a consensus. Richard thinks he can force the price he wants from Tony Barren. This is not what a leader should do. Further he clearly does not take help from Harold Whisler. As evident from Exhibit 2 Harold is a co-founder of Terracog and comes with thirty-one years of experience. Harold also has a sound engineering background and in the past has contributed significantly to Terracog’s key sonar equipment products in 1980s. The president clearly chooses to ignore Harold’s opinions. The last meeting shows that Harold is not given a chance to speak. He speaks only twice and is cut off both times by the more aggressive CFO Becky Timmons. As a leader Richard should have been present in the meeting and listened to Harold’s important points. Further the entire project has been delegated to Emma Richardson. Emma has only two months of experience in this role and is unable to steer the discussions in a productive direction. She also has not been performing as prescribed. Alternative I Terracog should create two cross-departmental teams to research and recommend cost savings or value added options. The advantage of this approach will create a framework for company wide inter-disciplinary approach to challenges and projects. Each department should also have a subject matter expert to optimize outcomes. Cross Join Now For Free

Julius Caesar Essays (861 words) - Julius Caesar, Iulii, Cleopatra

Julius Caesar The era of Julius Caesar was a time when many people's feelings toward the government began to change. This was one of the first times in Roman history when people began to question the power of their ruler. In the play, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare, we see a brief picture of this Roman life during the time of the First Triumvirate. In this snap shot, many unfortunate things occur as a result of these strong feelings towards the government of that time. Shakespeare gives us the idea that many people try to circumvent what the future holds, such as unfortunate things, by being superstitious. Superstition seems to play a role in the basic daily life of most Roman citizens, and exists as an important, deciding factor in the events and outcome of the play itself. The setting of the first scene of the play is based upon superstition. The Feast of Lupercal is in honor of the god Pan, the queen of fertility. During this time, infertile females are supposed to be able to procreate, and fertile ones are supposed to be able to bear more. It is also a supposed time of sexual glorification and happiness. Other scenes depict how mysterious sooth-sayers, who are supposedly given the power to predict the future, roam the streets of Rome. Dictating what is to come through terse tidbits, these people may also be looked upon as superstitious. In the opening scene, one sooth-sayer, old in his years, warns Caesar to "Beware the Ides of March," an admonition of Caesar's impending death. Although sooth-sayers are looked upon by many as insane, out of touch lower classmen, a good deal of them, obviously including the sayer Caesar encountered, are indeed right on the mark. Since they lack any formal office or shop, and they predict forthcomings without fee, one can see quite easily why citizens would distrust their predictions. Superstition, in general elements such as the Feast of Lupercal, as well as on a personal level such as with the sooth-sayers, is an important factor in determining the events and the outcome of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, and a significant force throughout the entire course of the play. Before the play fully unravels, we see other signs of Caesar's tragic end. Aside from the sooth-sayer's warning, we see another sign during Caesar's visit with the Augerers, the latter day "psychics". They find "No heart in the beast", which they interpret as advice to Caesar that he should remain at home. Caesar brushes it off and thinks of it as a rebuke from the gods, meaning that he is a coward if he does not go out, and so he dismisses the wise advice as hearsay. However, the next morning, his wife Calpurnia wakes up frightened due to a horrible nightmare. She tells Caesar of a battle breaking out in the heart of Rome, "Which drizzled blood upon the Capitol," with Caesar painfully dying, such that "...The heavens themselves blaze forth the death of princes." Although Caesar realizes Calpurnia is truly concerned about his well being, he seeks another interpretation, coming to the conclusion that the person who imagines the dream may not be the wisest one to interpret it's meaning. Later Caesar tells his faithful companion Decius about it, and he interprets it quite the contrary, "That it was a vision fair and fortunate," and indeed, today is an ideal day to go out, since this is the day "To give a crown to mighty Caesar." Perhaps Decius is implying here that today is a day where much appreciation and appraisal will be given to Caesar, surely not the endangerment of his well being as Calpurnia interprets it. Caesar predictably agrees with him, as most citizens enjoy believing the more positive of two interpretations. After Caesar's assassination at the hand of Brutus, Cassius, and the rest of the conspirators, Brutus and Cassius are chased into the countryside, where we see a few superstitious signs of their forthcoming painful death in battle. In a dream, Brutus sees Caesar's "ghost", interpreted as an omen of his defeat. He also looks upon the ensign, and instead of the usual stock of eagles, ravens and kites replace them, construed as another sign of their loss at Phillipi. Not surprisingly, Caesar's death is avenged in the end, with two of the conspirators, Titanius and Brutus' double suicide. The play, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, by William Shakespeare, clearly reveals how important superstition was to the people of Rome at the time of

renaissance architecture essays

renaissance architecture essays What were the achievements of Renaissance architecture? The era known to us as the Renaissance began approximately around the beginning of the fifteenth century, in Florence. The philosophy behind the whole movement is one of rebirth or the re-establishing of ancient classical culture. Following the collapse of the Roman civilization much of Europe fell into decline, losing a great deal of information concerning that period. Therefore knowledge concerning the architecture of that age could only be acquired via the classical ruins that litter the Italian landscape; and through the writings of the Roman architect Vitruvius. Thus one of the greatest (and most fundamental) achievements of the renaissance is the rediscovery of the basic elements of classical architectural design, especially those concerning construction. The results of this achievement can be seen in the construction of buildings such as Florence Cathedral. Begun in 1294, the Florentine people almost exceeded the limit of their abilities in their enthusiasm to build an impressively large Cathedral, and consequently could find no method to cover it. This problem was left unresolved for over a century before an architect by the name of Brunelleschi was able to find a solution. Filipo Brunelleschi was born in 1377 and is considered to be the greatest architect of the early renaissance and is credited with the development of Renaissance style with buildings such as the Foundling Hospital. In 1420 he was appointed along with fellow architect Ghiberti to construct a dome over Florence Cathedral. The main difficulty in this was that the opening was almost 140 feet in diameter and 180 feet off the ground, which made it impossible to build a framework strong enough to support a dome. In truth no tree would have been long enough to provide timbre to bridge the gap, or if there had it would have broken under its self-weight even bef...

Argumentative Essay on Plastic Surgery

Argumentative Essay on Plastic Surgery Argumentative Essay on Plastic Surgery An earlier article in this document explored the writing of argumentative essays. The present article will rely on the guidelines provided earlier to present a sample argumentative essay on plastic surgery. Beauty has always enjoyed great value in every society, irrespective of the conservative traditions that may prevail in that society. Right from childhood, human beings are taught that a beautiful person always has a prize attached to the beauty. This explains why children exhibit an unconsciousness tendency to describe awesome experiences as being beautiful. In ancient African societies, the embracing of beauty was seen in some communities painting their faces with bright colors. Among the Maasai of Kenya, for example, red ochre was used to paint the face. The trend of appreciating beauty took a different twist as time went by. The Indians pioneered the art of doing nose lifts. It was perceived that women with pointed noses were more appealing to the male generation. Other cu ltures aped this art, and the practice of face lifting and organ firming developed. In the modern world, the term â€Å"plastic surgery† is not new, especially with the rise to fame of the deceased rock musician, Michael Jackson. Recently, plastic surgery has gained substantial recognition among the enlightened generation. Numerous television programs that expose the masses to a hitherto secretive affair boost this. Thanks to plastic surgery, a person can find a lasting solution to certain bodily flaws that are perceived as threatening one’s success in a professional field. The proponents of plastic surgery argue that it greatly assists in enhancing a person’s confidence together with vitality. If you view a typical television show about plastic surgery, you will notice a common principle suggesting that an unhappy individual only needs a surgical operation to turn him or her into a magical success story. However, you have to realize that plastic surgery only bestows temporary confidence. The truth is a cosmetic surgical procedure requires regular maintenance, which means that a series of operations is necessary. Moreover, plastic surgery gives a person unrealistic expectations. He or she goes into the surgical room expecting to come out a transformed individual who will attract others’ positive attention. On the contrary, plastic surgery is a mere illusion in which the person wrongly thinks he/she has acquired more self-esteem. This is gauged by the supposed approval that other people show about the new appearance. Conversely, in most cases, people are driven to seek cosmetic surgery by their spouses or colleagues. It is perfectly understandable to have a desire of remaining youthful. Nevertheless, there are myriad healthy ways of maintaining radiant skin. Instead of opting for a potentially life-threatening superficial operation, why not eat natural foods and exercise regular ly? Besides, there is absolutely no point why you should be moved to such extents by the viewpoints of people who apparently do not value your inner beauty. The true satisfaction in life is achieved when an individual discovers his or her personal identity. Real happiness comes when people embrace their diversities. is committed to provide students with custom argumentative essays about Plastic Surgery. All you need is to place an order at our site!

Building Trust in Virtual Teams - Leadership Role Research Paper

Building Trust in Virtual Teams - Leadership Role - Research Paper Example   A leader should be someone who is willing to serve than to be served, has a strong will to be able to bring a group together despite probably different interests and opinions, and perhaps someone who has enough knowledge to instruct his fellow team members. However, when you come to think of it before all these are actually even possible, there is one thing that needs to be achieved which is no other than trust. Trust is indeed the foundation of real teamwork and is something that will enable a leader to be able to lead a group effectively to a specific goal (Hung, Yu-Ting Caisy, Alan R. Dennis, and Lionel Robert). We all know that every follower has their own set of interests that would not easily be influenced by a leader they do not trust. Thus, if you want to be a leader who does not influence one’s followers, one key to this is to not win their trust. Why? Well, this is because of the fact that the only thing that would make people listen to what you, as a leader would have to say, let alone you are a total stranger to them, is because of the fact that they see something good about you or clean in your intentions that would be beneficial for the whole group. That is why, to be able to start winning the trust of people or your team is to avoid focusing on putting words in their mouths or manipulating them over your highfaluting goals and start with what you, as a leader has to say about moral duty or commitment you are willing to give to the team (Hung, Yu-Ting Caisy, Alan R. Dennis, and Lionel Robert). Once this has been established, a leader now gains that voice to reflect the goal s and at the same time for that voice to actually be heard. However, it is important to know that it does not end in laying out the big picture of the do’s and don’ts to your team to be able to achieve a certain goal. In a way, understanding human nature, where self-interest can never be set apart, should be considered aside from the social considerations of any goal set for a team.  Ã‚